These publications describe the early work done along the Seward Line. They summarize the basic oceanographic environment and important fisheries resources.
References
5142352
ASL3G2YW
items
1
apa
0
author
asc
189
https://nga.lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-8b2180e706c28559050ce04508d2ee95%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22NS6B8N75%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Albers%20and%20Anderson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221985%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlbers%2C%20W.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Anderson%2C%20P.%20J.%20%281985%29.%20Diet%20of%20Pacific%20cod%2C%20Gadus%20macrocephalus%2C%20and%20predation%20on%20the%20northern%20pink%20shrimp%2C%20Pandalus%20borealis%2C%20in%20Pavlof%20Bay%2C%20Alaska.%20%3Ci%3EFishery%20Bulletin%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E83%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20601%26%23x2013%3B610.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diet%20of%20Pacific%20cod%2C%20Gadus%20macrocephalus%2C%20and%20predation%20on%20the%20northern%20pink%20shrimp%2C%20Pandalus%20borealis%2C%20in%20Pavlof%20Bay%2C%20Alaska.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Albers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221985%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2233TFJK22%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blau%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221986%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlau%2C%20S.%20F.%20%281986%29.%20Recent%20declines%20of%20red%20king%20crab%20%28Paralithodes%20camstchatica%29%20populations%20and%20reproductive%20conditions%20around%20the%20Kodiak%20Archipelago%2C%20Alaska.%20In%20G.%20S.%20Jamieson%20%26amp%3B%20N.%20Bourne%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3ENorth%20Pacific%20Workshop%20on%20Stock%20Assessment%20and%20Management%20of%20Invertebrates%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%20360%26%23x2013%3B369%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recent%20declines%20of%20red%20king%20crab%20%28Paralithodes%20camstchatica%29%20populations%20and%20reproductive%20conditions%20around%20the%20Kodiak%20Archipelago%2C%20Alaska%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jamieson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blau%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22North%20Pacific%20Workshop%20on%20Stock%20Assessment%20and%20Management%20of%20Invertebrates%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221986%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J5LQEDIK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brodeur%20and%20Ware%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221992-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrodeur%2C%20R.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ware%2C%20D.%20M.%20%281992%29.%20Long-term%20variability%20in%20zooplankton%20biomass%20in%20the%20subarctic%20Pacific%20Ocean.%20%3Ci%3EFisheries%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2032%26%23x2013%3B38.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1992.tb00023.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1992.tb00023.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20variability%20in%20zooplankton%20biomass%20in%20the%20subarctic%20Pacific%20Ocean%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodeur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ware%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Zooplankton%20collections%20from%20the%20subarctic%20Pacific%20were%20analyzed%20from%20two%20periods%20%281956%5Cu20131962%20and%201980%5Cu20131989%29.%20In%20this%20report%2C%20we%20document%3A%201%29%20a%20positive%20correlation%20between%20the%20intensity%20of%20winter%20winds%20and%20subsequent%20summer%20zooplankton%20biomass%20in%20the%20subarctic%20gyre%20within%20these%20periods%3B%20and%202%29%20a%20doubling%20of%20zooplankton%20biomass%20and%20a%20similar%20increase%20in%20pelagic%20fish%20and%20squid%20abundance%20between%20these%20two%20periods%20of%20time.%20Some%20possible%20explanations%20for%20these%20changes%20are%20considered.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%201%2C%201992%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1992.tb00023.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2419%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1992.tb00023.x%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B8ISGTJR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Francis%20and%20Hare%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221994-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrancis%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hare%2C%20S.%20R.%20%281994%29.%20Decadal-scale%20regime%20shifts%20in%20the%20large%20marine%20ecosystems%20of%20the%20North-east%20Pacific%3A%20a%20case%20for%20historical%20science.%20%3Ci%3EFisheries%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20279%26%23x2013%3B291.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Decadal-scale%20regime%20shifts%20in%20the%20large%20marine%20ecosystems%20of%20the%20North-east%20Pacific%3A%20a%20case%20for%20historical%20science%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hare%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20are%20two%20fundamental%20ways%20of%20doing%20science%3A%20the%20experimental-predictive%20and%20the%20historical-descriptive.%20The%20experimental-predictive%20approach%20uses%20the%20techniques%20of%20controlled%20experiment%2C%20the%20reduction%20of%20natural%20complexity%20to%20a%20minimal%20set%20of%20general%20causes%2C%20and%20presupposes%20that%20all%20times%20can%20be%20treated%20alike%20and%20adequately%20simulated%20in%20the%20laboratory.%20The%20historical-descriptive%20approach%20uses%20a%20mode%20of%20analysis%20which%20is%20rooted%20in%20the%20comparative%20and%20observational%20richness%20of%20our%20data%2C%20is%20holistic%20in%20its%20treatment%20of%20systems%20and%20events%2C%20and%20assumes%20that%20the%20final%20result%20being%20studied%20is%20unique%2C%20i.e.%20dependent%20or%20contingent%20upon%20everything%20that%20came%20before.%20We%20suggest%20that%20one%20of%20the%20real%20difficulties%20we%20have%20in%20understanding%20ecosystem%20properties%20is%20our%20inability%20to%20deal%20with%20scale%2C%20and%20we%20show%20how%20historical%20science%20allows%20us%20to%20approach%20the%20issue%20of%20scale%20through%20the%20interpretation%20of%20pattern%20in%20time%20and%20space.%20We%20then%20use%20the%20techniques%20of%20the%20historical-descriptive%20approach%20to%20doing%20science%20in%20the%20context%20of%20our%20own%20and%20other%20research%20on%20climate%20change%20and%20biological%20production%20in%20the%20North-east%20Pacific%20Ocean.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20examine%20rapid%20decadal-scale%20shifts%20in%20the%20abundance%20and%20distribution%20of%20two%20major%20components%5Cu2013salmon%20and%20zooplankton%20-%20of%20the%20large%20marine%20ecosystem%20of%20the%20North-east%20Pacific%2C%20and%20how%20they%20relate%20to%20similar%20shifts%20in%20North%20Pacific%20atmosphere%20and%20ocean%20climate.%20We%20conclude%20that%20they%20are%20all%20related%2C%20and%20that%20climate-driven%20regime%20shifts%2C%20such%20as%20those%20we%20have%20identified%20in%20the%20North-east%20Pacific%2C%20can%20cause%20major%20reorganizations%20of%20ecological%20relationships%20over%20vast%20oceanic%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%201994%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2419%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N6VAG64Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hatch%20and%20Sanger%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221992%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHatch%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sanger%2C%20G.%20A.%20%281992%29.%20Puffins%20as%20samplers%20of%20juvenile%20pollock%20and%20other%20forage%20fish%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E80%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F24826540%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F24826540%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Puffins%20as%20samplers%20of%20juvenile%20pollock%20and%20other%20forage%20fish%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hatch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerald%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20sampled%20the%20nestling%20diets%20of%20tufted%20puffins%20Fratercula%20cirrhata%20and%20horned%20puffins%20F.%20comiculata%20in%203%20years%20at%20colonies%20from%20the%20north-central%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20to%20the%20eastern%20Aleutian%20Islands%2C%20Alaska%2C%20USA.%20Overall%2C%20tufted%20puffins%20consumed%20%28by%20weight%29%2041%20%25%20sandlance%20Ammodytes%20hexapterus%2C%2022%20%25%20capelin%20Mallotus%20villosus%2C%2019%20%25%20walleye%20pollock%20Themgia%20chalcogramma%2C%2013%20%25%20other%20fish%2C%20and%205%20%25%20invertebrates%2C%20whereas%20horned%20puffins%20took%2085%20%25%20sandlance%2C%204%20%25%20capelin%2C%202%20%25%20pollock%2C%208%20%25%20other%20fish%2C%20and%20%3C%201%20%25%20invertebrates.%20All%20of%20the%20pollock%20consumed%20were%20young%20of%20the%20year%2C%20whereas%204%20year-classes%20of%20capelin%20were%20present%2C%20from%20young%20of%20the%20year%20through%20spawning%20adults.%20Puffins%20took%20mostly%20first-year%20sandlance%2C%20but%20fish%20in%20their%20second%20year%20or%20older%20were%20also%20common%20at%20colonies%20near%20Kodiak%2C%20Alaska.%20The%20importance%20of%20juvenile%20pollock%20in%20the%20diet%20of%20tufted%20puffins%20varied%20geographically%20from%20little%20or%20no%20use%20in%20the%20north-central%20Gulf%20and%20Kodiak%20areas%20to%20moderate%20use%20%285%20to%2020%20%25%29%20in%20the%20Semidi%20and%20Shumagin%20Islands%20to%20heavy%20use%20%2825%20to%2075%20%25%29%20in%20the%20Sandman%20Reefs%20and%20eastern%20Aleutians.%20An%20estimated%2011%20billion%20pollock%20were%20consumed%20by%20tufted%20puffins%20throughout%20the%20region%20in%201986.%20The%20proportion%20of%20pollock%20in%20puffin%20diets%20at%20the%20Semidi%20Islands%20was%20strongly%20correlated%20with%20independent%20estimates%20of%20cohort%20strength%20in%203%20years.%20Puffins%20may%20thus%20provide%20a%20useful%20index%20of%20distribution%20and%20year-class%20abundance%20of%20first-year%20pollock%2C%20a%20species%20that%20currently%20supports%20an%20important%20commercial%20fishery%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221992%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220171-8630%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F24826540%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2256J3SG39%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hollowed%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221994%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHollowed%2C%20A.%20B.%2C%20Wilson%2C%20C.%20W.%2C%20Brown%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Megrey%2C%20B.%20A.%20%281994%29.%20Walleye%20Pollock.%20In%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Plan%20Team%20%28Ed.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EStock%20Assessment%20and%20Fishery%20Evaluation%20Report%20for%20the%201995%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Fishery%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20North%20Pacific%20Fisheries%20Managment%20Council.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Walleye%20Pollock%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Plan%20Team%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hollowed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megrey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Stock%20Assessment%20and%20Fishery%20Evaluation%20Report%20for%20the%201995%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Fishery%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221994%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226S8QSJAY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Merrick%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221987%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMerrick%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Loughlin%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Calkins%2C%20D.%20G.%20%281987%29.%20Decline%20in%20abundance%20of%20the%20northern%20sea%20lion%2C%20Eumetopias%20jubatus%2C%20in%20Alaska%2C%201956%26%23x2013%3B86.%20%3Ci%3EU.%20S.%20Fishery%20Bulletin%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E85%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20351%26%23x2013%3B365.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Decline%20in%20abundance%20of%20the%20northern%20sea%20lion%2C%20Eumetopias%20jubatus%2C%20in%20Alaska%2C%201956%5Cu201386%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loughlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calkins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221987%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VMW5HZRL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22OCSEAP%20Staff%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221986%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOCSEAP%20Staff.%20%281986%29.%20Marine%20Fisheries%3A%20Resources%20and%20Environments.%20In%20D.%20W.%20Hood%20%26amp%3B%20S.%20T.%20Zimmerman%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%2C%20Physical%20Environment%20and%20Biological%20Resources%2C%20OCS%20Study%20MMS%2086-0095%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%20417%26%23x2013%3B459%29.%20MMS%5C%2FNOAA.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Marine%20Fisheries%3A%20Resources%20and%20Environments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22OCSEAP%20Staff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zimmerman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%2C%20Physical%20Environment%20and%20Biological%20Resources%2C%20OCS%20Study%20MMS%2086-0095%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221986%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R595WU9G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Parker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EParker%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Royer%2C%20Thomas%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Deriso%2C%20R.%20B.%20%281995%29.%20High-latitude%20climate%20forcing%20and%20tidal%20mixing%20by%2018.6-year%20lunar%20nodal%20cycle%20and%20low-frequency%20recrutiment%20trends%20in%20Pacific%20halibut%20%28Hippoglossus%20stenolepis%29.%20In%20R.%20J.%20Beamish%20%28Ed.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Change%20and%20Northern%20Fish%20Populations%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%20449%26%23x2013%3B459%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22High-latitude%20climate%20forcing%20and%20tidal%20mixing%20by%2018.6-year%20lunar%20nodal%20cycle%20and%20low-frequency%20recrutiment%20trends%20in%20Pacific%20halibut%20%28Hippoglossus%20stenolepis%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%2C%20Thomas%20C.%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deriso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beamish%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Climate%20Change%20and%20Northern%20Fish%20Populations%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X9XSWX4E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoyer%2C%20T.%20C.%20%281996%29.%20Interdecadal%20hydrographic%20variability%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%2C%201970-1995.%20%3Ci%3EEOS%2C%20Transactions%20of%20the%20American%20Geophysical%20Union%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E77%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20F368.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interdecadal%20hydrographic%20variability%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%2C%201970-1995%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2292JST67J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221993-03-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoyer%2C%20T.%20C.%20%281993%29.%20High%26%23x2010%3Blatitude%20oceanic%20variability%20associated%20with%20the%2018.6%26%23x2010%3Byear%20nodal%20tide.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E98%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28C3%29%2C%204639%26%23x2013%3B4644.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F92JC02750%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F92JC02750%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22High%5Cu2010latitude%20oceanic%20variability%20associated%20with%20the%2018.6%5Cu2010year%20nodal%20tide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ocean%20temperatures%20in%20the%20upper%20250%20m%20in%20the%20northern%20North%20Pacific%20%2860%5Cu00b0N%2C%20149%5Cu00b0W%29%20increased%20by%20more%20than%201%5Cu00b0C%20from%201972%20to%201986%20but%20are%20now%20decreasing.%20Subsurface%20temperature%20anomalies%20are%20well%20correlated...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221993%5C%2F03%5C%2F15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F92JC02750%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222156-2202%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F92JC02750%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223Q7EKGC4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royer%20and%20Weingartner%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoyer%2C%20T.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Weingartner%2C%20T.%20J.%20%281999%29.%20Coastal%20Hydrographic%20Responses%20in%20the%20Northern%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20to%20the%201997-98%20ENSO%20Event.%20In%20H.%20J.%20Freeland%2C%20W.%20T.%20Peterson%2C%20%26amp%3B%20A.%20Tyler%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%201998%20Science%20Board%20Symposium%20on%20the%20Impacts%20of%20the%201997%5C%2F98%20El%20Nino%20Event%20on%20the%20North%20Pacific%20Ocean%20and%20its%20Marginal%20Seas%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20North%20Pacific%20Marine%20Science%20Organization%20%28PICES%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pices.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fscientific_reports%5C%2FReport10%5C%2Fdefault.aspx%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pices.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fscientific_reports%5C%2FReport10%5C%2Fdefault.aspx%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coastal%20Hydrographic%20Responses%20in%20the%20Northern%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20to%20the%201997-98%20ENSO%20Event%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weingartner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freeland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tyler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Proceedings%20of%20the%201998%20Science%20Board%20Symposium%20on%20the%20Impacts%20of%20the%201997%5C%2F98%20El%20Nino%20Event%20on%20the%20North%20Pacific%20Ocean%20and%20its%20Marginal%20Seas%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pices.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fscientific_reports%5C%2FReport10%5C%2Fdefault.aspx%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NJFUVYGC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221979-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoyer%2C%20T.%20C.%2C%20Hansen%2C%20D.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pashinski%2C%20D.%20J.%20%281979%29.%20Coastal%20Flow%20in%20the%20Northern%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20as%20Observed%20by%20Dynamic%20Topography%20and%20Satellite-Tracked%20Drogued%20Drift%20Buoys.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20785%26%23x2013%3B801.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2F1520-0485%281979%29009%26lt%3B0785%3ACFITNG%26gt%3B2.0.CO%3B2%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coastal%20Flow%20in%20the%20Northern%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20as%20Observed%20by%20Dynamic%20Topography%20and%20Satellite-Tracked%20Drogued%20Drift%20Buoys%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pashinski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Drifting%20buoys%20and%20dynamic%20topography%20over%20the%20continental%20shelf%20in%20the%20northern%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20are%20used%20to%20describe%20the%20coastal%20circulation%20and%20flow%20in%20the%20offshelf%20Alaska%20Current.%20One%20permanent%20anti-cyclonic%20eddy%20is%20detailed%20along%20with%20several%20shorter%20period%20features.%20In%20general%2C%20the%20buoys%20progressed%20shoreward%20and%20to%20the%20west%20from%20a%20release%20point%20near%20the%20continental%20shelf%20break.%20There%20was%20a%20tendency%20for%20the%20drifters%20to%20terminate%20their%20trajectories%20near%20or%20inside%20Prince%20William%20Sound.%20Precipitation%2C%20runoff%20and%20wind%20stress%20suggest%20that%20the%20buoys%27%20drogues%20are%20affected%20by%20entrainment.%20It%20is%20hypothesized%20that%20drifters%20move%20shoreward%20until%20their%20drogues%20encounter%20the%20offshore-moving%2C%20ageostrophic%20upper%20layer.%20Their%20position%20stabilizes%20between%20the%20onshore%20and%20offshore%20flow%20and%20their%20subsequent%20movement%20is%20parallel%20to%20this%20interface.%20Though%20drifters%20might%20not%20be%20monitoring%20surface%20flow%2C%20it%20can%20be%20inferred%20that%20the%20surface%20flow%20is%20offshore%20here.%20The%20behavior%20of%20drogued%2C%20drifting%20buoys%20enables%20them%20to%20be%20especially%20valuable%20in%20flow%20along%20frontal%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%201%2C%201979%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2F1520-0485%281979%29009%3C0785%3ACFITNG%3E2.0.CO%3B2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2F1520-0485%25281979%2529009%253C0785%253ACFITNG%253E2.0.CO%253B2%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QBYXP69K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Royer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERoyer%2C%20T.%20C.%2C%20Grosch%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mysak%2C%20L.%20A.%20%282001%29.%20Interdecadal%20variability%20of%20Northeast%20Pacific%20coastal%20freshwater%20and%20its%20implications%20on%20biological%20productivity.%20%3Ci%3EProgress%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2095%26%23x2013%3B111.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0079-6611%2801%2900017-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0079-6611%2801%2900017-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interdecadal%20variability%20of%20Northeast%20Pacific%20coastal%20freshwater%20and%20its%20implications%20on%20biological%20productivity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chester%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grosch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawrence%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mysak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FS0079-6611%2801%2900017-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220079-6611%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2001PrOce..49...95R%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TT3SSEY9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Strom%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001-02-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStrom%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Brainard%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Holmes%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Olson%2C%20M.%20B.%20%282001%29.%20Phytoplankton%20blooms%20are%20strongly%20impacted%20by%20microzooplankton%20grazing%20in%20coastal%20North%20Pacific%20waters.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E138%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20355%26%23x2013%3B368.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs002270000461%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs002270000461%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phytoplankton%20blooms%20are%20strongly%20impacted%20by%20microzooplankton%20grazing%20in%20coastal%20North%20Pacific%20waters%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brainard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holmes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Phytoplankton%20growth%20and%20microzooplankton%20grazing%20were%20measured%20in%20two%20productive%20coastal%20regions%20of%20the%20North%20Pacific%3A%20northern%20Puget%20Sound%20and%20the%20coastal%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska.%20Rates%20of%20phytoplankton%20growth%20%28range%3A%200.09%5Cu20132.69%20day%5Cu22121%29%20and%20microzooplankton%20grazing%20%28range%3A%200.00%5Cu20132.10%20day%5Cu22121%29%20varied%20seasonally%2C%20with%20lowest%20values%20in%20late%20fall%20and%20winter%2C%20and%20highest%20values%20in%20spring%20and%20summer.%20Chlorophyll%20concentrations%20also%20varied%20widely%20%280.19%5Cu201313.65%20%5Cu03bcg%20l%5Cu22121%29.%20Large%20%28%3E8%20%5Cu03bcm%29%20phytoplankton%20cells%20consistently%20dominated%20phytoplankton%20communities%20under%20bloom%20conditions%2C%20contributing%20on%20average%2065%25%20of%20total%20chlorophyll%20biomass%20when%20chlorophyll%20exceeded%202%20%5Cu03bcg%20l%5Cu22121.%20Microzooplankton%20grazing%20was%20an%20important%20loss%20process%20affecting%20phytoplankton%2C%20with%20grazing%20rates%20equivalent%20to%20nearly%20two-thirds%20%2864%25%29%20of%20growth%20rates%20on%20average.%20Both%20small%20and%20large%20phytoplankton%20cells%20were%20consumed%2C%20with%20the%20ratio%20of%20grazing%20to%20growth%20%28g%3A%5Cu03bc%29%20for%20the%20two%20size%20classes%20averaging%200.80%20and%200.42%2C%20respectively.%20Perhaps%20surprisingly%2C%20the%20coupling%20between%20microzooplankton%20grazing%20and%20phytoplankton%20growth%20was%20tighter%20during%20phytoplankton%20blooms%20than%20during%20low%20biomass%20periods%2C%20with%20g%3A%5Cu03bc%20averaging%200.78%20during%20blooms%20and%200.49%20at%20other%20times.%20This%20tight%20coupling%20may%20be%20a%20result%20of%20the%20high%20potential%20growth%20and%20ingestion%20rates%20of%20protist%20grazers%2C%20some%20of%20which%20feed%20on%20bloom-forming%20diatoms%20and%20other%20large%20phytoplankton.%20Large%20ciliates%20and%20Gyrodinium-like%20dinoflagellates%20contributed%20substantially%20to%20microzooplankton%20biomass%20at%20diatom%20bloom%20stations%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%2C%20and%20microzooplankton%20biomass%20overall%20was%20strongly%20correlated%20with%20%3E8%20%5Cu03bcm%20chlorophyll%20concentrations.%20Because%20grazing%20tended%20to%20be%20proportionally%20greater%20when%20phytoplankton%20biomass%20was%20high%2C%20the%20absolute%20amount%20of%20chlorophyll%20consumed%20by%20microzooplankton%20was%20often%20substantial.%20In%20nearly%20two-thirds%20of%20the%20experiments%20%2814%5C%2F23%29%2C%20more%20chlorophyll%20was%20ingested%20by%20microzooplankton%20than%20was%20available%20for%20all%20other%20biological%20and%20physical%20loss%20processes%20combined.%20Microzooplankton%20were%20important%20intermediaries%20in%20the%20transfer%20of%20primary%20production%20to%20higher%20trophic%20levels%20in%20these%20coastal%20marine%20food%20webs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%5C%2F02%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs002270000461%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220025-3162%2C%201432-1793%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs002270000461%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2224DHDSQ3%22%2C%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PAJZ65V9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Thompson%20and%20Zenger%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221994%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EThompson%2C%20G.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zenger%2C%20H.%20H.%20%281994%29.%20Pacific%20Cod.%20In%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Plan%20Team%20%28Ed.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EStock%20Assessment%20and%20Fishery%20Evaluation%20Report%20for%20the%201995%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Fishery%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20North%20Pacific%20Fisheries%20Managment%20Council.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pacific%20Cod%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Plan%20Team%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zenger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Stock%20Assessment%20and%20Fishery%20Evaluation%20Report%20for%20the%201995%20Gulf%20of%20Alaska%20Groundfish%20Fishery%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221994%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225J93GSV6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5142352%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Trenberth%20and%20Hurrell%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221994-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETrenberth%2C%20K.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hurrell%2C%20J.%20W.%20%281994%29.%20Decadal%20atmosphere-ocean%20variations%20in%20the%20Pacific.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20303%26%23x2013%3B319.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2FBF00204745%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2FBF00204745%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Decadal%20atmosphere-ocean%20variations%20in%20the%20Pacific%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trenberth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hurrell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Considerable%20evidence%20has%20emerged%20of%20a%20substantial%20decade-long%20change%20in%20the%20north%20Pacific%20atmosphere%20and%20ocean%20lasting%20from%20about%201976%20to%201988.%20Observed%20significant%20changes%20in%20the%20atmospheric%20circulation%20throughout%20the%20troposphere%20revealed%20a%20deeper%20and%20eastward%20shifted%20Aleutian%20low%20pressure%20system%20in%20the%20winter%20half%20year%20which%20advected%20warmer%20and%20moister%20air%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20North%20America%20and%20into%20Alaska%20and%20colder%20air%20over%20the%20north%20Pacific.%20Consequently%2C%20there%20were%20increases%20in%20temperatures%20and%20sea%20surface%20temperatures%20%28SSTs%29%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20North%20America%20and%20Alaska%20but%20decreases%20in%20SSTs%20over%20the%20central%20north%20Pacific%2C%20as%20well%20as%20changes%20in%20coastal%20rainfall%20and%20streamflow%2C%20and%20decreases%20in%20sea%20ice%20in%20the%20Bering%20Sea.%20Associated%20changes%20occurred%20in%20the%20surface%20wind%20stress%2C%20and%2C%20by%20inference%2C%20in%20the%20Sverdrup%20transport%20in%20the%20north%20Pacific%20Ocean.%20Changes%20in%20the%20monthly%20mean%20flow%20were%20accompanied%20by%20a%20southward%20shift%20in%20the%20storm%20tracks%20and%20associated%20synoptic%20eddy%20activity%20and%20in%20the%20surface%20ocean%20sensible%20and%20latent%20heat%20fluxes.%20In%20addition%20to%20the%20changes%20in%20the%20physical%20environment%2C%20the%20deeper%20Aleutian%20low%20increased%20the%20nutrient%20supply%20as%20seen%20through%20increases%20in%20total%20chlorophyll%20in%20the%20water%20column%2C%20phytoplankton%20and%20zooplankton.%20These%20changes%2C%20along%20with%20the%20altered%20ocean%20currents%20and%20temperatures%2C%20changed%20the%20migration%20patterns%20and%20increased%20the%20stock%20of%20many%20fish%20species.%20A%20north%20Pacific%20%28NP%29%20index%20is%20defined%20to%20measure%20the%20decadal%20variations%2C%20and%20the%20temporal%20variability%20of%20the%20index%20is%20explored%20on%20daily%2C%20annual%2C%20interannual%20and%20decadal%20time%20scales.%20The%20dominant%20atmosphere-ocean%20relation%20in%20the%20north%20Pacific%20is%20one%20where%20atmospheric%20changes%20lead%20SSTs%20by%20one%20to%20two%20months.%20However%2C%20strong%20ties%20are%20revealed%20with%20events%20in%20the%20tropical%20Pacific%2C%20with%20changes%20in%20tropical%20Pacific%20SSTs%20leading%20SSTs%20in%20the%20north%20Pacific%20by%20three%20months.%20Changes%20in%20the%20storm%20tracks%20in%20the%20north%20Pacific%20help%20to%20reinforce%20and%20maintain%20the%20anomalous%20circulation%20in%20the%20upper%20troposphere.%20A%20hypothesis%20is%20put%20forward%20outlining%20the%20tropical%20and%20extratropical%20realtionships%20which%20stresses%20the%20role%20of%20tropical%20forcing%20but%20with%20important%20feed-backs%20in%20the%20extratropics%20that%20serve%20to%20emphasize%20the%20decadal%20relative%20to%20interannual%20time%20scales.%20The%20Pacific%20decadal%20timescale%20variations%20are%20linked%20to%20recent%20changes%20in%20the%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20versus%20La%20Nina%20events%20but%20whether%20climate%20change%20associated%20with%20%5Cu201cglobal%20warming%5Cu201d%20is%20a%20factor%20is%20an%20open%20question.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221994%5C%2F03%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2FBF00204745%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%2C%201432-0894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2FBF00204745%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ASL3G2YW%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-09-17T17%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Albers, W. D., & Anderson, P. J. (1985). Diet of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, and predation on the northern pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis, in Pavlof Bay, Alaska. Fishery Bulletin, 83(4), 601–610.
Blau, S. F. (1986). Recent declines of red king crab (Paralithodes camstchatica) populations and reproductive conditions around the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska. In G. S. Jamieson & N. Bourne (Eds.), North Pacific Workshop on Stock Assessment and Management of Invertebrates (pp. 360–369).
Brodeur, R. D., & Ware, D. M. (1992). Long-term variability in zooplankton biomass in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Oceanography, 1(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.1992.tb00023.x
Francis, R. C., & Hare, S. R. (1994). Decadal-scale regime shifts in the large marine ecosystems of the North-east Pacific: a case for historical science. Fisheries Oceanography, 3(4), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x
Hatch, S. A., & Sanger, G. A. (1992). Puffins as samplers of juvenile pollock and other forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 80(1), 1–14. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24826540
Hollowed, A. B., Wilson, C. W., Brown, E., & Megrey, B. A. (1994). Walleye Pollock. In Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Plan Team (Ed.), Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report for the 1995 Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fishery. North Pacific Fisheries Managment Council.
Merrick, R. L., Loughlin, T. R., & Calkins, D. G. (1987). Decline in abundance of the northern sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, in Alaska, 1956–86. U. S. Fishery Bulletin, 85, 351–365.
OCSEAP Staff. (1986). Marine Fisheries: Resources and Environments. In D. W. Hood & S. T. Zimmerman (Eds.), The Gulf of Alaska, Physical Environment and Biological Resources, OCS Study MMS 86-0095 (pp. 417–459). MMS/NOAA.
Parker, K. S., Royer, Thomas C., & Deriso, R. B. (1995). High-latitude climate forcing and tidal mixing by 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and low-frequency recrutiment trends in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). In R. J. Beamish (Ed.), Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations (pp. 449–459).
Royer, T. C. (1996). Interdecadal hydrographic variability in the Gulf of Alaska, 1970-1995. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 77, F368.
Royer, T. C. (1993). High‐latitude oceanic variability associated with the 18.6‐year nodal tide. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 98(C3), 4639–4644. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC02750
Royer, T. C., & Weingartner, T. J. (1999). Coastal Hydrographic Responses in the Northern Gulf of Alaska to the 1997-98 ENSO Event. In H. J. Freeland, W. T. Peterson, & A. Tyler (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1998 Science Board Symposium on the Impacts of the 1997/98 El Nino Event on the North Pacific Ocean and its Marginal Seas. North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report10/default.aspx
Royer, T. C., Hansen, D. V., & Pashinski, D. J. (1979). Coastal Flow in the Northern Gulf of Alaska as Observed by Dynamic Topography and Satellite-Tracked Drogued Drift Buoys. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 9(4), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009<0785:CFITNG>2.0.CO;2
Royer, T. C., Grosch, C. E., & Mysak, L. A. (2001). Interdecadal variability of Northeast Pacific coastal freshwater and its implications on biological productivity. Progress in Oceanography, 49, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00017-9
Strom, S. L., Brainard, M. A., Holmes, J. L., & Olson, M. B. (2001). Phytoplankton blooms are strongly impacted by microzooplankton grazing in coastal North Pacific waters. Marine Biology, 138(2), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270000461
Thompson, G. G., & Zenger, H. H. (1994). Pacific Cod. In Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Plan Team (Ed.), Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report for the 1995 Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fishery. North Pacific Fisheries Managment Council.
Trenberth, K. E., & Hurrell, J. W. (1994). Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dynamics, 9(6), 303–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204745